What is Brain Injury, Types of Brain Injury, , Reasons of Brain Injury, and Psychological Implications for Brain Injury

 What is Brain Injury, Types of Brain Injury, Reasons of Brain Injury, and Psychological Implications

Introduction

The control enter of the body is referred to as the Brain, which controls all actions of the body. When nerve cells in the brain are injured, they cannot send info to each other in the usual way. This causes changes in the person’s performance and capabilities. Brain injury awareness day is celebrated in March.

Brain damage/injury is defined as an injury to the brain triggered by numerous conditions such as head trauma, inadequate oxygen supply, infections, or intracranial hemorrhage. This damage may be related to an interactive or handy abnormality. The brain can be injured in many ways. Reliant to the type, location, and severity of any injury to the brain, the consequences can range from complete recovery to some amount of disability or even death.

Types of Brain Injury

            There are two types of brain injury.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Normally caused by an outside force, such as a blow to the head, that causes the brain to move inside the skull or injuries the skull. This in turn damages the brain.

Acquired brain injury (ABI)

Typically occurs at the cellular level. It's most often related to heaviness on the brain such as from a tumor. It may also cause by neurological illness such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Acquired brain injury occurs after birth.

Congenital Brain Damage

There is a kind of brain injury that outcomes from genetics or birth trauma called congenital brain damage (Present by birth).

Causes of Brain Injury

Causes of traumatic brain injury include:

• ·         blows to the head
• ·         car accidents
• ·         sports injuries
• ·         falls or accidents
• ·         physical violence

Causes of acquired brain injury include:

• ·         poisoning or exposure to toxic substances
• ·         infection
• ·         strangulation, choking or drowning
• ·         stroke
• ·         heart attacks
• ·         tumors
• ·         aneurysms
• ·         neurological illnesses
• ·         abuse of illegal drugs

 

Symptoms

There are many symptoms of brain injury, whether traumatic or acquired. They collapse into four major categories: Cognitive, perceptual, physical, and behavioral/emotional.

Cognitive Symptoms

Cognitive symptoms of brain damage comprise:

• ·         difficulty processing information
• ·         difficulty in expressing thoughts
• ·         difficulty understanding others
• ·         shortened attention span
• ·         inability to understand abstract concepts
• ·         impaired decision-making ability
•  memory loss

Perceptual Symptoms

• Perceptual symptoms of brain injury comprise:
• ·         change in vision, hearing, or sense of touch
• ·         spatial disorientation
• ·         inability to sense time
• ·         disorders of smell and taste
• ·         balance issues
• ·         heightened sensitivity to pain

Physical Symptoms

Physical symptoms of brain injury comprise:

• ·         persistent headaches
• ·         extreme mental fatigue
• ·         extreme physical fatigue
• ·         Paralysis
• ·         Tremors
• ·         seizures
• ·         sensitivity to light
• ·         sleep disorders
• ·         slurred speech
• ·         loss of consciousness

Behavioral Symptoms

Behavioral/emotional symptoms of brain injury comprises:

·         irritability and impatience

·         reduced tolerance for stress

·         sluggishness

·         flattened or heightened emotions or reactions

·         denial of disability

·         increased aggressiveness

Psychological Implications of Brain Injury

Any Damage/injury to the brain lead to disturbance of normal functions. Depression and anxiety for example are related to the connection of the amygdala to the frontal lobe. Disturbances in these connections can change the normal functioning of the brain and also affects the person mentally and emotional health

overall traumatic brain injury can cause cognitive disabilities, memory loss, vision impairment change the sense of touch, smell, or taste and also Depression, anxiety, poor impulse control lack of empathy, general apathy, or tendency towards risky behavior

Brain Injury Treatment

Anybody who has a head or brain injury needs instant medical attention. The degree and effect of brain damage are remind-out by a neurological exam, neuroimaging testing such as X-rays or CT scans, and neuropsychological assessment such as checking reflexes. Doctors guarantee blood and oxygen are flowing correctly to the brain, and make sure that blood pressure is controlled. About half of severely injured patients need surgery to the reparation of a broken blood vessel or to release pressure on the brain.

In severe cases, rehabilitation may be the well-organized method of support for long-term recovery. Therapies may are:

•                     physical therapy

•                     occupational therapy

•                     speech and language therapy

•                     psychological support