what is Psychoanalysis/ Complete about Psychoanalysis,/ Freud concept of Psychoanalysis 

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud was The founding father of Psychoanalysis and consider as pioneer of psychology.

Components of Psychoanalysis By Freud

Freud talks about the following components in Psychoanalysis.

1. Structure of Personality
2. Structure of mind
3. Therapeutic Techniques
4. Concept of Dream Analysis
5. Defense Mechanism

Structure of Personality

In general, Personality is defined as Personal Appearance. Scientifically it is defined as a cluster of different skills. i.e. behavior, thoughts, emotions, habits.

Freud Psychoanalytic perspective Define Personality as a Combination of different elements like

1. ID,
2. ego, and
3. superego 

Id:

                                                                

It is that part of the personality that wants immediate satisfaction of desire. It is located in the unconscious, and consider as Dark Pat of Personality. Id is like a stubborn child.

Needs are attain but not socially acceptable. Id work on the pleasure principle.

It is a combination of two instincts. Instincts are features present by birth in an individual.

Human Beings have two Instincts;

Thanatos:

Thanatos is also called death instinct and these are destructive behavior and consider a dark part of Id. Thanatos is high in criminals, which compel them to commit crimes.

Examples of Destructive behavior or Thanatos is aggression, violence.

Eros

Eros also called life instincts. Eros is constructive behavior. Eros is essential for survival. High in socialists, those work for the survival of others. Eros help to survive. These are stronger than Thanatos.

Ego

The ego is the second part of the personality. It operates in consciousness. Ego triggers the individual to fulfill their desires in a socially acceptable way. It tells about ways to achieve the desires.  Ego work on the reality principle.

Superego

The superego is the third part of the personality. It tells about what is right and what is wrong. Superego produces by the principle of reinforcement. It's like a manual. It varies from person to person base on the experiences. Super Ego locates both in Conscious and Sub Conscious. It works on Morality Principle. 

Defense Mechanism

The conflict between id and superego leads to anxiety. To deal with anxiety ego adopt some artificial behaviors which are called as Defense Mechanism

Artificial behavior which is adopted to encounter and deal with any problem or stressful condition is known as a defense mechanism. It is effective for short time. A defense mechanism is divided into clusters according to the nature of the behavior.

Withdrawal Reaction: patterns of behavior are of avoided nature. People do not like to encounter stressors. Example:

Isolation or Deny: limit the activities.

Nomadism: move from one area to another area to avoid the stressor.

Day Dreaming: satisfying himself avoiding reality.  

Aggressive Reaction: a person not only encounters the stressor but also shows negative behavior. examples:

Repression: painful factors suppress down in unconscious.

Regression: going back to an early stage of development which is less threatening.

Display Aggression: show aggression to others.

Free Floating Anger: display aggression to non-living or living things.

Projection: put your weaknesses on others, blame others.

Compromise Behavior: a person not only encounters the stressor but also shows positive behavior. example:

Sublimation: desires are not fulfilled because of social norms then fulfilled that desires through another way. e.g. wrestling

Substitution: compensate with other fields/behavior.

Rationalization: reasoning or explain with logic. E.g. grapes are sour.

Structure of Mind

            Our behavior and personality is determined by different forces which operate at three levels of mind explained by Sigmund Freud.

1. Consciousness
2. Pre-Conscious
3. Sub-Conscious  

These three elements interact and form human experiences.

Consciousness

The conscious mind comprises all the thoughts, memories, feelings, and wishes of which we are aware. From a conscious state, we can get information easily without any effort. What we talk about is the rational aspect of consciousness. This is the aspect of our mental processing that we can think and talk about rationally.

Subconscious Mind

The subconscious comprises anything that could possibly be brought into the conscious mind, with some effort.

conscious Mind

The unconscious mind is a pool of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that are exterior to our conscious awareness. Unconscious contains the repressed of childhood or other painful memories, feelings, and emotions. Most of the time the negative change in behavior is because of these repressed thoughts.

Freud’s Ice burg

Freud linked the mind with Ice burg. According to him, the mind is like an ice burg above the water visible part of which is called Consciousness. the part which is in water and can be seen is called the subconscious and the part which is below the water and cannot be seen is referred to as unconscious.

Assessment Techniques or Therapeutic Techniques

Therapy is the remedy used to modify the abnormal behavior, elimination of the root cause leading to healthy behavior.

Freud’s data gathering method was through observation and case studies of his patient. According to him, the root cause of psychological distress lies in the unconscious mind. We need to access the information from that store. Now to answer the question that how we can get access  to information lies in unconscious mind Sigmund Freud told two methods namely

1. Free Association
2. Dream Analysis

Free Association:

Free means duty or task performed by the subject or client without any limitations while Association is building connection and link between different factors of task or conversation to reach to the root cause of the problem.

In free Association Freud explained an interesting concept i.e. Slip of Tongue which also referred to as Freud; Slip of Tongue.

The underlying principle of slip of tongue was that when the client digs into the information and is completely lost in past the unconsciously then the client tells the pain full memories which Freud called slip of Tongue. Like One patient by slip of tongue called the name of ex girl-friend. So it was concluded that the client has distressing memories related to ex girl-friend.

So through slip of tongue clients can express distressing memories, and hidden painful events. The psychologist should carefully listen to the client and don not interrupt the client in between.

The procedure of Free Association

1. Give free hands to the client to express his feelings,
2. Should not critically evaluate the events or give a suggestion,
3. Discuss with the client about the narration at the end to further explain for clarity, again psychologist should not assumed or predict unclear messages ask from the client.
4. Then psychologist will link the factors to reach to the root cause and at the end will give suggestions to deal with the problem.

Settings of Clinic for free association

1. The environment should be healthy
2. Use light colors in a green tonE.
3. 
   
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5. Avoid abstract paintings, as these paintings will divert the attention of the client and cause stress.
6. The aquarium should be in the clinic for the relaxation of the client.   

Dream Analysis

The second way to reach to the client’s unconscious mind is dream analysis. Freud said dreams the royal road to the unconscious states. Whatever pain full memories are suppressed in the mind, through dreams, this information comes to the conscious state.

Freud told two types of dreams content-wise

• Manifest dream: the complete story
• Latent dream: the hidden meaning of dreams

Techniques use to Deal With Client Behavior

Analysis of Resistance

The client sometimes show resistance to share his personal information or do not want to share sensitive information because of confidentiality purpose.

Resistance can be shown by not attending the sessions, coming late for sessions, did not do homework tasks.

Psychologists make conclusions about possible causes of such behavior by analyzing the client.

Analysis of resistance is not a therapy but helps in the analysis of problem causing avoidant behavior of the client.

Analysis of Transference.

Transference; During the session client show a transference attitude, the client shows that attitude towards the therapist which he shows toward his close relative.

Counter Transference: therapist responds to the client feelings and change his attitude towards the client.

Draw Back of Freud Theory Psychoanalysis

1. Free association and dream analysis cannot apply to the children
2. Analysis of transference is time wasting
3. Countertransference can never be healthy
4. Not talk about adolescence